# Manhae’s Three Open Pledges and the Algorithm of Action: A Declaration Written with the Body, Not the HeadThe 'Three Open Pledges (Gongyak Samjang)' that conclude the historic 1919 Declaration of Korean Independence were actions directly appended by the Buddhist monk and poet, Manhae Han Yong-un. Manhae was unsatisfied with the smooth, elegant draft written solely by literary elites. To him, t..